Includes bibliographical references and index.

Introduction to the dilemmas and struggles of participatory society / Marta Pérez-Escolar, José Manuel Noguera-Vivo

Part 1. Contextualizing the participatory society

How did we get here? The consequences of deceit in addressing political polarization / Marta Pérez-Escolar, José Manuel Noguera-Vivo

Echo chambers? Filter bubbles? The misleading metaphors that obscure the real problem / Axel Bruns

Hate speech and deliberation : overcoming the “words-that-wound” trap / Liriam Sponholz

Part 2. Political and ideological polarisation

There ain't no rainbow in the ‘rainbow nation’ : a discourse analysis of racial conflicts on twitter hashtags in post-apartheid South Africa / Allen Munoriyarwa

Blessed be the fight : misogyny and anti-feminism in the handmaid's tale / Laura Cortés-Selva, Susana Martínez-Guillem

Discursive construction of affective polarization in Brexit Britain : opinion-based identities and out-group differentiation / Monika Brusenbauch Meislová

The public debate on Twitter in the Iberian sphere : comparative analysis of the characteristics in Portugal and Spain / Juan Antonio Marín Albaladejo, João Figueira

Towards a new left-populist rhetoric in Turkey : discourse analysis of İmamoğlu's campaign / Gülüm Şener, Hakan Yücel, Umur Yedikardeş

Anti-immigrant hate speech as propaganda : a comparison between Donald Trump and Santiago Abascal on Twitter / Ana I. Barragán-Romero, María Elena Villar

Hate speech and social polarization in Brazil : from impeachment to Bolsonaro / Gisella Meneguelli, Carme Ferré-Pavia

Part 3. Hate speech in the social, traditional and community media

Countering the stigma of homeless people : the Swedish street paper Situation Sthlm as a counter-hegemonic voice for the rehumanisation of homeless people / Nico Carpentier, Vaia Doudaki, Ali İhsan Akbaş, Tianyi Wang

Hate speech as a media practice : the portray of haters and polarization in the Internet warriors / Alejandro Barranquero, Susana Morais

The asylum-seeker discourse fed by political polarization in Turkey : a twitter-based analysis / Nurcan Törenli, Zafer Kıyan

Orientalism and the mass media—a study of the representation of Muslims in Southern European TV fiction : the case of Spanish prime-time TV series / Cristina Algaba, Beatriz Tomé-Alonso, Giulia Cimini

Sports and hate speech messages on Instagram : the case of Seville FC in the Spanish league / Alberto Monroy-Trujillo, Graciela Padilla-Castillo, Francisco Cabezuelo-Lorenzo